How to Write UX Research Task-Based Scenarios That Actually Work

By Philip Burgess – UX Research Leader

Task-based scenarios are the backbone of usability testing. They simulate real-world goals users want to accomplish, helping researchers observe behavior, uncover friction, and validate design decisions. But writing them well is harder than it looks.

Too vague, and users flounder. Too prescriptive, and you bias the outcome. The sweet spot? Realistic, goal-driven prompts that let users show you how they think.

Here’s how to write UX research task-based scenarios that actually work—no fluff, no icons, just clarity and impact.

1. Start with the User’s Goal, Not the Interface

Bad scenario: “Click the blue button to sign up.” Good scenario: “You’ve decided to create an account to save your preferences for later. Show how you’d do that.”

Why it matters: You’re testing the design, not the user’s ability to follow instructions. Frame tasks around intentions, not UI elements.

2. Ground It in Context

Give users a reason to care. A scenario without context feels artificial.

Example: “You’re planning a weekend trip and want to find a hotel near downtown with free parking. Show how you’d do that.”

Why it matters: Context activates natural decision-making and reveals how users prioritize information.

3. Avoid Leading Language

Don’t hint at the “right” path or use terms from the interface.

Instead of: “Use the filter menu to narrow your search.” Try: “You only want to see products under $50. Show how you’d find those.”

Why it matters: Leading language biases behavior and masks usability issues.

4. Keep It Short, But Specific

Long scenarios confuse users. Short ones can be too vague. Aim for one or two sentences that clearly define the goal.

Example: “You’re looking for a pair of running shoes that ship within two days. Show how you’d find and evaluate your options.”

Why it matters: Specificity drives meaningful interaction without overwhelming the participant.

5. Use Natural Language

Write like a human, not a researcher. Avoid jargon, technical terms, or overly formal phrasing.

Instead of: “Demonstrate the process of initiating a return.” Try: “You received the wrong item and want to send it back. Show how you’d start that process.”

Why it matters: Natural language helps users engage authentically and reduces cognitive load.

6. Pilot Your Scenarios

Run a dry test with a colleague or team member. Watch for confusion, misinterpretation, or unintended bias.

Why it matters: Even well-written scenarios can fall flat if they don’t match user expectations or platform behavior.

7. Match Scenarios to Research Goals

Every scenario should map to a specific research question or usability metric. Don’t include tasks just because they “seem useful.”

Example: Research goal: Can users find and compare subscription plans? Scenario: “You’re deciding between two subscription options. Show how you’d compare them.”

Why it matters: Intentionality ensures your findings are actionable and aligned with product decisions.

Final Thoughts

Writing great task-based scenarios is part art, part strategy. It requires empathy, clarity, and a deep understanding of user goals. When done well, scenarios unlock rich insights that drive better design and smarter decisions.

So next time you sit down to write a usability test, remember: don’t script the journey—set the destination, and let users show you the way.

Philip Burgess | philipburgess.net | phil@philipburgess.net